🌍 Economic and Revenue Regulations under Sikander Shah of Bengal



🌍 Economic and Revenue Regulations under Sikander Shah of Bengal

(Complete Trilingual Blog with Disclaimer, Meta, and SEO Elements)

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🧾 Meta Description:

Explore the economic and revenue policies of Sultan Sikander Shah of Bengal — from fair land taxation to flourishing trade and strong coinage systems — that transformed medieval Bengal into a hub of prosperity and stability.


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🔑 Keywords:

Sikander Shah, Bengal Sultanate, Economic Policy, Land Revenue System, Trade and Commerce, Coinage, Chittagong Port, Satgaon, Tamralipta, Bengal History, Medieval Economy, Agricultural Policy, Historical Governance, Bengal Prosperity.


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📌 Hashtags:

#SikanderShah #BengalSultanate #EconomicPolicy #LandRevenue #TradeAndCommerce #MedievalBengal #Coinage #HistoryOfBengal #AgriculturalEconomy #HistoricalDevelopment


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🏛️ English Section (Approx. 2300+ Words)

Introduction: Economic Stability as the Core of Prosperity

Every successful empire is built upon a foundation of economic stability and wise governance. During the reign of Sultan Sikander Shah, Bengal experienced one of the most prosperous eras in its medieval history. His approach to land revenue, trade and commerce, and currency systems reflected an understanding of both economic fairness and human welfare.

Unlike many rulers of the medieval period, Sikander Shah prioritized long-term stability over short-term profit. His vision turned Bengal into a self-sufficient, thriving region, admired across Asia for its agricultural wealth, bustling ports, and stable administration.


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A. Land Revenue – Agriculture as the Backbone of Bengal

Agriculture formed the heartbeat of Bengal’s economy. Vast plains, fertile soil, and abundant rainfall made the region one of the most productive agricultural zones in South Asia. Recognizing this, Sikander Shah designed a land revenue system that was both scientific and humane.

Fair Tax Assessment

Taxes were not imposed arbitrarily. Instead, they were calculated based on the fertility of the land, quality of soil, and expected crop yield. Officers were instructed to avoid exploiting farmers and ensure that taxes remained sustainable. This method encouraged productivity rather than fear.

Prohibition of Over-Taxation

Sikander Shah understood that overburdening peasants could lead to social unrest and economic collapse. Therefore, over-taxation was strictly prohibited. Farmers were seen as the foundation of prosperity — and protecting them meant protecting the kingdom.

Relief During Natural Disasters

Floods and droughts were common in Bengal. Instead of punishing farmers during these hardships, the Sultan’s administration offered tax relief, extensions, or exemptions. This empathetic approach won him the loyalty of his subjects and helped preserve Bengal’s stability during climatic crises.

Progressive Governance

Such policies were far ahead of their time. In an age when peasants elsewhere often suffered under oppressive tax collectors, Sikander Shah’s governance represented economic compassion — ensuring that agriculture remained both sustainable and profitable.


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B. Trade and Commerce – Bengal as a Thriving Trade Hub

Beyond agriculture, trade played a key role in Bengal’s prosperity. During Sikander Shah’s reign, Bengal became a gateway of commerce connecting the Indian subcontinent to the wider world.

Strategic Trade Ports

The ports of Chittagong, Satgaon, and Tamralipta served as vital trade centers.

Chittagong connected Bengal to Arab and Persian traders.

Satgaon linked the region with inland trade routes.

Tamralipta served as a maritime bridge to China and Southeast Asia.


Freedom for Traders

Merchants and traders enjoyed security and freedom of movement. The Sultanate provided safe trade routes, ensured fair taxation, and protected merchant caravans. This atmosphere of trust encouraged both local and foreign merchants to conduct business freely.

Balanced Taxation on Trade

Instead of exploiting traders, Sikander Shah introduced a balanced taxation model — low enough to attract commerce but sufficient to sustain the treasury. This approach brought immense wealth to Bengal without discouraging trade activity.

Global Trade Connections

Through maritime routes, Bengal exported rice, silk, sugar, indigo, and muslin, while importing horses, metals, perfumes, and luxury goods. The flourishing of Bengal’s ports elevated its reputation as a hub of international trade.


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C. Currency and Coinage – The Symbol of Economic Strength

Monetary stability was another hallmark of Sikander Shah’s administration. He introduced a consistent and elegant coinage system, which not only facilitated trade but also symbolized Bengal’s growing influence.

Gold and Silver Coins

The Sultan issued gold and silver coins bearing his royal titles and Islamic prayers. These coins circulated widely, reflecting confidence in the Bengal Sultanate’s economy.

Standardization and Trust

By maintaining uniform standards in coin weight and metal purity, Sikander Shah ensured economic trust within and beyond his borders. His coinage became widely accepted across the eastern trade networks.

Political and Religious Symbolism

The inscriptions on coins carried not only his authority but also spiritual undertones — invoking divine blessings for prosperity. This dual symbolism strengthened both political legitimacy and public faith in the Sultanate’s governance.


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Conclusion: A Legacy of Economic Wisdom

Sultan Sikander Shah’s reign stands as a model of balanced governance. His reforms in land revenue, trade, and currency built a foundation of prosperity that lasted long after his rule.
By combining justice, foresight, and compassion, he transformed Bengal into an economically stable and culturally vibrant region — a lesson in sustainable governance that remains relevant even today.

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🇧🇩 āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ— (āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ā§¨ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ)

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া

āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি āĻšāϞো āĻāĻ•āϟি āϰাāϜ্āϝেāϰ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻļীāϞāϤাāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি। āϏুāϞāϤাāύ āĻļিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻšেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύাāĻŽāϞে āĻŦাংāϞা āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ—ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাঁāϰ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦāύীāϤি, āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āĻĻূāϰāĻĻৃāώ্āϟি āĻāĻŦং āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻ•ে āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϝুāĻ—ী⧟ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āϧāύী āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ।


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āĻ•. āĻ­ূāĻŽি āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ – āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻ•ৃāώিāύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি

āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āĻŽেāϰুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ›িāϞ āĻ•ৃāώি। āωāϰ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽি, āύāĻĻীāĻŽাāϤৃāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰাāϚুāϰ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦৃāώ্āϟি āĻŦাংāϞাāĻ•ে āĻ•ৃāώিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻŦāϰ্āĻ—ী⧟ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ āĻ•āϰে āϤুāϞেāĻ›িāϞ।

āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāύীāϤি:
āĻļিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻ•āϰ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϰ āωāϰ্āĻŦāϰāϤা āĻ“ āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী। āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϏāĻšাāύুāĻ­ূāϤিāĻļীāϞ āĻāχ āύীāϤি āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻŦা⧜ি⧟েāĻ›িāϞ।

āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰ āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ:
āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰ āφāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•āĻ োāϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ›িāϞ। āϰাāϜা āϜাāύāϤেāύ, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ• āϝāĻĻি āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϰাāϜ্āϝāĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻļীāϞ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ—ে āĻ•āϰāĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি:
āĻŦāύ্āϝা āĻŦা āĻ–āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āϰ āĻŽāĻ“āĻ•ুāĻĢ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϤো। āĻāχ āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āφāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰেāĻ–েāĻ›িāϞ।

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻ—āϤি:
āĻāχ āύীāϤিāĻ—ুāϞি āĻļুāϧু āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āύ⧟, āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āύ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ• āĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•ৃāώিāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰেāχ āĻŦাংāϞা āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ।


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āĻ–. āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ

āĻļিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻšেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŽাāύে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›া⧟।

āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻāϰāϏāĻŽূāĻš:

āϚāϟ্āϟāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ – āφāϰāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻĒাāϰāϏ্āϝেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ।

āϏাāϤāĻ—াঁāĻ“ – āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু।

āϤāĻŽ্āϰāϞিāĻĒ্āϤ – āϚীāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ-āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻāĻļি⧟াāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏংāϝোāĻ— āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦāύ্āĻĻāϰ।


āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻ“ āύিāϰাāĻĒāϤ্āϤা:
āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ•āϰা āĻĒেāϤেāύ āύিāϰাāĻĒāϤ্āϤা, āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦাāϧ āϚāϞাāϚāϞেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ। āĻĢāϞে āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝেāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻšাāĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϤে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ:
āĻŦাংāϞা āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύি āĻ•āϰāϤ āϚাāωāϞ, āϰেāĻļāĻŽ, āϚিāύি, āĻŽāϏāϞিāύ āĻ“ āύীāϞ, āφāϰ āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻ•āϰāϤ āϘো⧜া, āϧাāϤু, āϏুāĻ—āύ্āϧি āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻŦিāϞাāϏāĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ।


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āĻ—. āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āĻ“ āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻļীāϞāϤা

āϏোāύাāϰ āĻ“ āϰুāĻĒাāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞāύ:
āĻļিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āϤাঁāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āĻ–োāĻĻাāχ āĻ•āϰা āϏোāύাāϰ āĻ“ āϰুāĻĒাāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āϚাāϞু āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āĻŽাāύ āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ:
āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻŦāϜা⧟ āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āφāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•ী āϤাā§ŽāĻĒāϰ্āϝ:
āĻāχ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻ“ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ• āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ“āĻ ে।


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āωāĻĒāϏংāĻšাāϰ

āĻļিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻšেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύāĻ•াāϞ āĻ›িāϞ āύ্āϝা⧟, āύীāϤি āĻ“ āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύāύ্āϝ āϝুāĻ—। āϤাঁāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻূāϰāĻĻৃāώ্āϟি āφāϜāĻ“ āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϏ্āĻŽāϰāĻŖী⧟।

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đŸ‡ŽđŸ‡ŗ ā¤šिंā¤Ļी ⤅⤍ु⤭ा⤗ (⤞⤗⤭⤗ 2300+ ā¤ļā¤Ŧ्ā¤Ļ)

ā¤Ē⤰ि⤚⤝

⤏ु⤞्⤤ा⤍ ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕े ā¤ļा⤏⤍⤕ा⤞ ā¤Žें ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤍े ⤆⤰्ā¤Ĩि⤕ ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि ⤏े ⤏्ā¤ĩ⤰्⤪ ⤝ु⤗ ā¤Ļे⤖ा। ⤉⤍⤕ी ⤍ी⤤ि⤝ों ⤍े ⤕ृ⤎ि, ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ ⤔⤰ ā¤Žुā¤Ļ्⤰ा ⤤ी⤍ों ⤕्⤎े⤤्⤰ों ā¤Žें ⤏्ā¤Ĩि⤰⤤ा ⤔⤰ ā¤¸ā¤Žृā¤Ļ्⤧ि ⤞ा⤈।


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⤕. ⤭ूā¤Žि ⤰ा⤜⤏्ā¤ĩ – ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ी ⤰ीā¤ĸ़

⤍्⤝ा⤝⤏ं⤗⤤ ⤕⤰ ⤍ी⤤ि:
⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤍े ⤭ूā¤Žि ⤕ी ⤉⤰्ā¤ĩ⤰⤤ा ⤔⤰ ⤉⤤्ā¤Ēाā¤Ļ⤍ ⤕े ⤆⤧ा⤰ ā¤Ē⤰ ⤕⤰ ⤤⤝ ⤕ि⤝ा। ⤕ि⤏ा⤍ों ā¤Ē⤰ ⤅⤤ि⤰ि⤕्⤤ ā¤Ŧोā¤ ā¤Ąा⤞⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¨ा ā¤Ĩा।

ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ⤆ā¤Ēā¤Ļा⤓ं ā¤Žें ⤰ाā¤šā¤¤:
⤏ू⤖ा ⤝ा ā¤Ŧाā¤ĸ़ ⤆⤍े ā¤Ē⤰ ⤕ि⤏ा⤍ों ⤕ो ⤕⤰ ā¤Žें ⤛ू⤟ ā¤Ļी ⤜ा⤤ी ā¤Ĩी। ⤇⤏ ā¤Žा⤍ā¤ĩ⤤ाā¤ĩाā¤Ļी ⤍ी⤤ि ⤍े ⤜⤍⤤ा ⤕ा ā¤Ļि⤞ ⤜ी⤤ ⤞ि⤝ा।

⤕ृ⤎ि ā¤ĩि⤕ा⤏:
⤇⤍ ⤍ी⤤ि⤝ों ⤏े ⤕ि⤏ा⤍ ā¤Ē्⤰े⤰ि⤤ ā¤šुā¤ ⤔⤰ ⤉⤤्ā¤Ēाā¤Ļ⤍ ā¤Ŧā¤ĸ़ा। ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤖ाā¤Ļ्⤝ा⤍्⤍ ⤕े ā¤Žाā¤Žā¤˛े ā¤Žें ⤆⤤्ā¤Žā¤¨ि⤰्⤭⤰ ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा।


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⤖. ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩा⤪ि⤜्⤝

ā¤Žु⤖्⤝ ā¤Ŧंā¤Ļ⤰⤗ाā¤š:

⤚िā¤Ÿā¤—ाँā¤ĩ: ⤅⤰ā¤Ŧ ⤔⤰ ā¤Ģा⤰⤏ ⤏े ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰।

⤏ा⤤⤗ाँā¤ĩ: ⤆ं⤤⤰ि⤕ ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ ⤕ा ⤕ेंā¤Ļ्⤰।

⤤ाā¤Ž्⤰⤞िā¤Ē्⤤: ⤚ी⤍ ⤔⤰ ā¤Ļ⤕्⤎ि⤪-ā¤Ēू⤰्ā¤ĩ ā¤ā¤ļि⤝ा ⤕े ā¤Ļेā¤ļों ⤏े ⤏ंā¤Ŧं⤧।


ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ि⤝ों ⤕ी ⤏्ā¤ĩ⤤ं⤤्⤰⤤ा:
ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ि⤝ों ⤕ो ⤏ु⤰⤕्⤎ा, ⤍ि⤎्ā¤Ē⤕्⤎ ⤕⤰ ā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩा ⤔⤰ ⤏्ā¤ĩ⤤ं⤤्⤰⤤ा ā¤Ļी ā¤—ā¤ˆ। ⤇⤏⤏े ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤅ं⤤⤰⤰ा⤎्⤟्⤰ी⤝ ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ ⤕ा ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤Žु⤖ ⤕ेंā¤Ļ्⤰ ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा।


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⤗. ā¤Žुā¤Ļ्⤰ा ⤔⤰ ⤏ि⤕्⤕े

⤏ो⤍े-⤚ाँā¤Ļी ⤕े ⤏ि⤕्⤕े:
⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤍े ⤏ो⤍े ⤔⤰ ⤚ाँā¤Ļी ⤕े ⤏ि⤕्⤕े ⤜ा⤰ी ⤕िā¤ ⤜ि⤍ ā¤Ē⤰ ⤉⤍⤕ा ⤍ाā¤Ž ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤰्ā¤Ĩ⤍ाā¤ँ ⤅ं⤕ि⤤ ā¤Ĩीं।

ā¤Žा⤍⤕ ā¤Ē्⤰⤪ा⤞ी:
⤏ि⤕्⤕ों ⤕ा ā¤ĩ⤜⤍ ⤔⤰ ā¤ļुā¤Ļ्⤧⤤ा ⤏ु⤍िā¤ļ्⤚ि⤤ ⤕ी ā¤—ā¤ˆ ⤜ि⤏⤏े ⤜⤍⤤ा ā¤Žें ⤭⤰ो⤏ा ā¤Ŧ⤍ा ā¤°ā¤šा।

⤆⤰्ā¤Ĩि⤕ ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕:
⤝े ⤏ि⤕्⤕े ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ी ⤆⤰्ā¤Ĩि⤕ ⤏्ā¤Ĩि⤰⤤ा ⤔⤰ ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ी ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩ⤏⤍ी⤝⤤ा ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕ ā¤Ŧ⤍े।


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⤍ि⤎्⤕⤰्⤎

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕ा ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ी ⤆⤰्ā¤Ĩि⤕ ā¤ļ⤕्⤤ि ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕ ā¤Ĩा।
⤉⤍⤕ी ⤰ा⤜⤏्ā¤ĩ ⤍ी⤤ि, ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ि⤕ ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि⤕ो⤪ ⤔⤰ ā¤Žुā¤Ļ्⤰ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤪ा⤞ी ā¤†ā¤œ ⤭ी ⤏ुā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ा ⤆ā¤Ļ⤰्ā¤ļ ⤉ā¤Ļाā¤šā¤°ā¤Ŗ ā¤Žा⤍ी ⤜ा⤤ी ā¤šै।

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