🏛️ Meta Title (English, Bengali, Hindi)English:Sikander Shah and Education – The Intellectual Glory of Bengal’s Ilyas Shahi EraBengali (āĻŦাংāϞা):āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻ“ āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝ – āχāϞিāϝ়াāϏ āĻļাāĻšী āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āωāϜ্āϜ্āĻŦāϞ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏHindi (ā¤šि⤍्ā¤Ļी):⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤔⤰ ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा – ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕े ⤇⤞ि⤝ा⤏ ā¤ļाā¤šी ⤝ु⤗ ⤕ा ā¤Ŧौā¤Ļ्⤧ि⤕ ā¤ĩै⤭ā¤ĩ




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🌍 Sikander Shah and Education — A Historical Reflection

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🏛️ English Version

Introduction

In the vast history of Bengal, few names shine as brightly as Sikander Shah, also known as Sikandar Saha, the second ruler of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. His reign from 1358 to 1390 CE was marked by prosperity, cultural revival, and the construction of one of the greatest monuments of medieval Bengal — the Adina Mosque in Pandua (Malda).

But beyond architecture and military achievements, Sikander Shah’s era holds deep significance in the field of education, knowledge, and intellectual exchange. He stood as a bridge between the Islamic scholastic world and the local Bengali cultural heritage. His rule reflected how education was not merely a privilege of the few but a symbol of identity, faith, and governance.


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The Historical Context of Education

During the 14th century, Bengal had just emerged as an independent sultanate, breaking away from the Delhi Sultanate. This independence created a space for new institutions of learning and cultural identity.

Education in Sikander Shah’s period was primarily influenced by Islamic madrasas, where Arabic, Persian, logic (mantiq), astronomy (ilm al-falak), and religious jurisprudence (fiqh) were taught. However, local Sanskrit-based education also continued to flourish under Brahmin scholars, indicating a parallel coexistence of knowledge systems.

Sikander Shah’s rule saw the merging of these two worlds — the Islamic intellectual heritage and the indigenous Bengali learning tradition.


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Patronage of Scholars and Institutions

Historical sources, including Persian inscriptions and literary accounts, reveal that Sikander Shah was a patron of scholars, poets, and theologians. Under his patronage, several madrasas and libraries were established in Pandua and surrounding regions.

These institutions were not just centers of religion but also of science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy. The sultans of Bengal, including Sikander Shah, often invited scholars from Arabia, Persia, and Central Asia, turning Bengal into a hub of intellectual exchange.

The Adina Mosque, apart from being a grand architectural masterpiece, functioned as a center for scholarly gatherings, lectures, and religious debates — serving as both a mosque and a community university.


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Influence on Language and Literature

The educational environment of Sikander Shah’s Bengal gave birth to a linguistic blend. The Persian language became the language of administration and higher education, while Bengali continued to thrive as the language of the common people.

Under his reign, Bengal witnessed the translation of Persian works into Bengali and vice versa, paving the way for a cultural synthesis that would later define the Bengal Renaissance centuries later.


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Role of Religious Education

Islamic education under Sikander Shah emphasized Quranic studies, Hadith, and jurisprudence, but it also included practical sciences. Teachers known as ulama and mullahs trained students in ethics, administration, and philosophy.

His educational policy reflected the belief that a ruler’s strength lies not only in the sword but also in the pen. Hence, education became a tool of governance, diplomacy, and spiritual guidance.


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The Adina Mosque as a Symbol of Knowledge

The Adina Mosque, completed in 1373 CE, stands as a testimony to Sikander Shah’s vision. Its vast courtyard, domed chambers, and inscriptions show how architecture and education were intertwined. The mosque’s inscriptions praise God’s wisdom and the Sultan’s humility before divine knowledge — symbolizing education as a sacred duty.

The mosque likely hosted religious scholars (ulema) who taught theology, astronomy, and moral philosophy. For centuries, it remained a beacon of enlightenment in eastern India.


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Impact on Society

Education under Sikander Shah helped shape a harmonious social order. The spread of literacy improved record-keeping, trade, and administration. Artisans and architects were trained under skilled masters, reflecting a vocational educational system that complemented religious learning.

Moreover, Sikander Shah’s emphasis on tolerance and coexistence allowed Hindu and Muslim intellectuals to exchange ideas. This intellectual inclusiveness became a defining feature of Bengal’s pluralistic identity.


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Legacy

The legacy of Sikander Shah’s educational vision can still be felt. Although many of his institutions have disappeared, the values of learning, humility, and cross-cultural respect that he promoted continue to influence Bengal’s cultural soul.

His era proved that knowledge is power, but shared knowledge is civilization.


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Conclusion

Sikander Shah, through his support of education, stood as a visionary ruler who understood that empires built on learning last longer than those built on conquest. His reign connected faith and intellect, architecture and academia, and religion and reason.

In today’s time, revisiting his educational legacy reminds us that true power lies not in domination, but in enlightenment and wisdom.


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Disclaimer

This article is a historical interpretation based on available records, inscriptions, and cultural narratives. It is written for educational and informational purposes only. The names, dates, and interpretations are based on secondary historical research and not intended to assert any political or religious opinion. Readers are advised to verify from academic sources before quoting.

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đŸŒŋ āĻŦাংāϞা āϏংāϏ্āĻ•āϰāĻŖ

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া

āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻŦা āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āϏাāĻšা āĻāĻ• āωāϜ্āϜ্āĻŦāϞ āύাāĻŽ। āϤিāύি āĻ›িāϞেāύ āχāϞিāϝ়াāϏ āĻļাāĻšী āĻŦংāĻļেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āϏুāϞāϤাāύ, āϝিāύি ā§§ā§Šā§Ģā§Ž āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Šā§¯ā§Ļ āĻ–্āϰিāώ্āϟাāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻļাāϏāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āϰাāϜāϤ্āĻŦāĻ•াāϞ āĻ›িāϞ āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧি, āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝ, āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϝুāĻ—।

āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ āϤাঁāϰ āĻ•ীāϰ্āϤি, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাঁāϰ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŽāĻšিāĻŽা āύিāĻšিāϤ āĻ›িāϞ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্āϰāĻŖে।


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āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟ

ā§§ā§ĒāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āχāϏāϞাāĻŽি āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŽিāϞāύ āϘāϟেāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ›িāϞ āĻŽাāĻĻ্āϰাāϏা āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ•োāϰাāύ, āĻĢিāĻ•াāĻš, āϜ্āϝোāϤিāϰ্āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻĒāĻĄ়াāύো āĻšāϤো; āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āϚāϞāϤ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা।

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻāχ āĻĻুāχ āϧাāϰাāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϏূāϤ্āϰ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ, āϝা āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻŽāϜāĻŦুāϤ āĻ•āϰে।


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āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ āĻĒোāώāĻ•āϤা

āχāϤিāĻšাāϏāĻŦিāĻĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤে, āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ, āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ“ āφāϞেāĻŽāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ āĻĒোāώāĻ•āϤা āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āĻļাāϏāύাāĻŽāϞে āĻĒাāĻŖ্āĻĄুāϝ়া āĻ“ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŽাāĻĻ্āϰাāϏা āĻ“ āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨাāĻ—াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞো āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ, āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝা āĻļেāĻ–াāϤ। āĻĢāϞে āĻŦাংāϞা āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে āϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ।


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āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻšেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻĢাāϰāϏি āĻ­াāώা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ āĻ“ āωāϚ্āϚ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻ­াāώা āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে, āφāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ›িāϞ āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻ­াāώা।

āĻāχ āĻĻুāχ āĻ­াāώাāϰ āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্āϰāĻŖে āϜāύ্āĻŽ āύেāϝ় āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āϧাāϰা, āϝা āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāĻ•াāϞে āĻŦাংāϞা āύāĻŦāϜাāĻ—āϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ—āĻĄ়ে āĻĻেāϝ়।


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āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ — āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•

ā§§ā§Šā§­ā§Š āϏাāϞে āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ āĻļুāϧু āωāĻĒাāϏāύাāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύāϝ়, āĻ›িāϞ āϜ্āĻžাāύāϚāϰ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ। āĻāĻ–াāύে āφāϞেāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāϰা āϧāϰ্āĻŽ, āĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ“ āϜ্āϝোāϤিāϰ্āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝা āύিāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ।

āĻāϰ āĻĻেāϝ়াāϞে āĻ–োāĻĻাāχ āĻ•āϰা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻ—ুāϞো āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ āϤ্āĻŦ āĻ“ āφāϞ্āϞাāĻšāϰ āĻŽāĻšিāĻŽা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে।


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āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻšেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāύীāϤি āϏāĻŽাāϜে āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻ“ āϏāĻšাāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻŦাāϰ্āϤা āĻĻেāϝ়। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু-āĻŽুāϏāϞিāĻŽ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϚāϞāϤ, āϝা āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āωāĻĻাāϰāϚিāύ্āϤাāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে।


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āωāĻĒāϏংāĻšাāϰ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ— āϜ্āĻžাāύāχ āφāϏāϞ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি। āϤাঁāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা-āĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āφāϜāĻ“ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰিāϝ়ে āĻĻেāϝ়, āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤা āϟিāĻ•ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ, āĻļাāϏāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāϝ়।


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āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি (Disclaimer)

āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧāϟি āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āϞেāĻ–া āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āϰāϚāύা। āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻāϤ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•োāύāĻ“ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻŦা āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻĻাāĻŦি āύāϝ়। āĻĒাāĻ āĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ•াāĻĄেāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϝাāϚাāχ āĻ•āϰে āωāĻĻ্āϧৃāϤি āĻĻিāϤে।


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🕌 ā¤šि⤍्ā¤Ļी ⤏ं⤏्⤕⤰⤪

ā¤Ē⤰ि⤚⤝

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š (⤝ा ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ⤏ाā¤šा) ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕े ⤇⤞ि⤝ा⤏ ā¤ļाā¤šी ā¤ĩंā¤ļ ⤕े ā¤Ļू⤏⤰े ⤏ु⤞्⤤ा⤍ ā¤Ĩे, ⤜ि⤍्ā¤šों⤍े 1358 ⤏े 1390 ⤈⤏्ā¤ĩी ⤤⤕ ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ि⤝ा। ⤉⤍⤕ा ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ेā¤ĩ⤞ ā¤ĩि⤜⤝ ⤝ा ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žा⤪ ⤤⤕ ⤏ीā¤Žि⤤ ā¤¨ā¤šीं ā¤Ĩा — ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤Ĩा ⤜्ā¤žा⤍, ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ⤔⤰ ⤏ं⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि ⤕े ā¤Ēु⤍⤰्⤜ा⤗⤰⤪ ⤕ा ⤝ु⤗।

⤉⤍्ā¤šों⤍े ā¤Ē्⤰⤏िā¤Ļ्⤧ ⤆ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤕ा ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žा⤪ ⤕⤰ा⤝ा, ⤜ो ā¤†ā¤œ ⤭ी ⤉⤍⤕ी ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्ā¤ĩ⤤ा ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕ ā¤šै।


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ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ⤕ा ⤐⤤िā¤šा⤏ि⤕ ā¤Ē⤰िā¤Ē्⤰े⤕्⤎्⤝

⤉⤏ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ā¤šा⤞ ā¤šी ā¤Žें ā¤Ļि⤞्⤞ी ⤏⤞्⤤⤍⤤ ⤏े ⤏्ā¤ĩ⤤ं⤤्⤰ ā¤šु⤆ ā¤Ĩा। ⤍⤈ ⤏⤞्⤤⤍⤤ ⤕ो ā¤Žā¤œā¤Ŧू⤤ ⤕⤰⤍े ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤍े ā¤Žā¤Ļ⤰⤏ों ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्⤝ा ⤏ं⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ों ⤕ो ā¤Ŧā¤ĸ़ाā¤ĩा ā¤Ļि⤝ा।

⤉⤍⤕े ā¤ļा⤏⤍⤕ा⤞ ā¤Žें ⤇⤏्⤞ाā¤Žी ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा — ⤕़ु⤰⤆⤍, ā¤šā¤Ļी⤏, ā¤Ģि⤕़्ā¤š, ⤗⤪ि⤤, ⤖⤗ो⤞ā¤ļा⤏्⤤्⤰ — ⤕े ⤏ाā¤Ĩ-⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ⤏ं⤏्⤕ृ⤤ ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्⤝ा ⤭ी ⤚⤞⤤ी ā¤°ā¤šी। ā¤¯ā¤š ⤜्ā¤žा⤍ ⤕े ā¤Ļो ⤏्⤰ो⤤ों ⤕ा ⤏ंā¤—ā¤Ž ā¤Ĩा।


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ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्ā¤ĩा⤍ों ⤔⤰ ā¤ļि⤕्⤎⤕ों ⤕ा ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्ā¤ĩा⤍ों ⤕े ā¤Žā¤šा⤍ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤕ ā¤Ĩे। ⤉⤍्ā¤šों⤍े ā¤Ēांā¤Ąु⤆ ⤔⤰ ⤆⤏ā¤Ēा⤏ ⤕े ⤕्⤎े⤤्⤰ों ā¤Žें ā¤Žā¤Ļ⤰⤏े ā¤Ŧ⤍ā¤ĩाā¤ ⤔⤰ ā¤•ā¤ˆ ā¤ĩिā¤Ļेā¤ļी ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्ā¤ĩा⤍ों ⤕ो ā¤†ā¤Žं⤤्⤰ि⤤ ⤕ि⤝ा।

⤇⤍ ⤏ं⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ों ā¤Žें ⤧⤰्ā¤Ž, ā¤ĩि⤜्ā¤žा⤍, ⤚ि⤕ि⤤्⤏ा ⤔⤰ ā¤Ļ⤰्ā¤ļ⤍ ⤕ी ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ā¤Ļी ⤜ा⤤ी ā¤Ĩी। ⤇⤏ ā¤Ē्⤰⤕ा⤰ ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ā¤ā¤• ⤜्ā¤žा⤍ ⤕े⤍्ā¤Ļ्⤰ (centre of learning) ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा।


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⤭ा⤎ा ⤔⤰ ⤏ाā¤šि⤤्⤝ ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰⤭ाā¤ĩ

⤉⤍⤕े ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ā¤Žें ā¤Ģा⤰⤏ी ⤭ा⤎ा ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤔⤰ ā¤‰ā¤š्⤚ ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ⤕ी ⤭ा⤎ा ā¤Ŧ⤍ी, ⤜ā¤Ŧ⤕ि ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ी ā¤†ā¤Ž ⤜⤍⤤ा ⤕ी। ā¤Ļो⤍ों ⤭ा⤎ा⤓ं ⤕े ā¤Žि⤞⤍ ⤏े ā¤ā¤• ⤍⤈ ⤏ां⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ā¤Ēā¤šā¤šा⤍ ā¤Ŧ⤍ी ⤜ि⤏⤍े ⤆⤗े ā¤šā¤˛ā¤•ā¤° ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕े ⤏ाā¤šि⤤्⤝ ⤕ो ā¤¸ā¤Žृā¤Ļ्⤧ ⤕ि⤝ा।


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⤆ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ — ⤜्ā¤žा⤍ ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕

1373 ⤈⤏्ā¤ĩी ā¤Žें ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žि⤤ ⤆ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤍ ⤕ेā¤ĩ⤞ ⤉ā¤Ēा⤏⤍ा ⤕ा ⤏्ā¤Ĩ⤞ ā¤Ĩी, ā¤Ŧ⤞्⤕ि ⤜्ā¤žा⤍, ā¤ĩिā¤Žā¤°्ā¤ļ ⤔⤰ ā¤ļि⤕्⤎⤪ ⤕ा ⤕ेंā¤Ļ्⤰ ⤭ी ā¤Ĩी।

⤇⤏⤕ी ā¤Ļीā¤ĩा⤰ों ā¤Ē⤰ ⤅ं⤕ि⤤ ⤆⤝⤤ें ⤈ā¤ļ्ā¤ĩ⤰ ⤕ी ā¤Žā¤šिā¤Žा ⤔⤰ ⤜्ā¤žा⤍ ⤕े ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ि ⤏ु⤞्⤤ा⤍ ⤕ी ⤍ि⤎्⤠ा ā¤Ļ⤰्ā¤ļा⤤ी ā¤šैं।


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ā¤¸ā¤Žा⤜ ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰⤭ाā¤ĩ

ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ⤕े ā¤Ē्⤰⤏ा⤰ ⤍े ā¤¸ā¤Žा⤜ ā¤Žें ā¤ā¤•ā¤¤ा ⤔⤰ ā¤¸ā¤šā¤¯ो⤗ ⤕ी ⤭ाā¤ĩ⤍ा ā¤Ŧā¤ĸ़ा⤈। ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕ी ⤍ी⤤ि ⤍े ā¤šि⤍्ā¤Ļू ⤔⤰ ā¤Žु⤏्⤞िā¤Ž ā¤Ļो⤍ों ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्ā¤ĩा⤍ों ⤕ो ⤚⤰्⤚ा ⤕ा ⤅ā¤ĩ⤏⤰ ā¤Ļि⤝ा। ā¤¯ā¤š ⤏ां⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ā¤¸ā¤šā¤…ā¤¸्⤤ि⤤्ā¤ĩ ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ी ā¤Ēā¤šā¤šा⤍ ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा।


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⤍ि⤎्⤕⤰्⤎

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕ा ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩा⤏ ā¤Ĩा ⤕ि ⤤⤞ā¤ĩा⤰ ⤏े ā¤¨ā¤šीं, ⤜्ā¤žा⤍ ⤏े ⤏ाā¤Ž्⤰ा⤜्⤝ ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤝ी ā¤šो⤤े ā¤šैं। ⤉⤍⤕ा ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ā¤¯ā¤š ⤏ंā¤Ļेā¤ļ ā¤Ļे⤤ा ā¤šै ⤕ि ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ā¤šी ⤏⤭्⤝⤤ा ⤕ी ⤆⤤्ā¤Žा ā¤šै।

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⤅⤏्ā¤ĩी⤕⤰⤪ (Disclaimer)

ā¤¯ā¤š ⤞े⤖ ⤐⤤िā¤šा⤏ि⤕ ⤏्⤰ो⤤ों ā¤Ē⤰ ⤆⤧ा⤰ि⤤ ā¤ā¤• ā¤ļै⤕्⤎ि⤕ ⤔⤰ ⤏ू⤚⤍ा⤤्ā¤Žā¤• ⤰⤚⤍ा ā¤šै। ā¤‡ā¤¸ā¤Žें ā¤Ļिā¤ ā¤—ā¤ ā¤ĩि⤚ा⤰ ⤕ि⤏ी ⤰ा⤜⤍ी⤤ि⤕ ⤝ा ⤧ा⤰्ā¤Žि⤕ ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि⤕ो⤪ ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ि⤍ि⤧ि⤤्ā¤ĩ ā¤¨ā¤šीं ⤕⤰⤤े। ā¤Ēा⤠⤕ों ⤏े ⤅⤍ु⤰ो⤧ ā¤šै ⤕ि ⤇⤏े ⤅⤧्⤝⤝⤍ा⤤्ā¤Žā¤• ⤉ā¤Ļ्ā¤Ļेā¤ļ्⤝ ⤏े ā¤Ēā¤ĸ़ें ⤔⤰ ⤆ā¤ĩā¤ļ्⤝⤕ ā¤šो ⤤ो ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤Žा⤪ि⤕ ⤇⤤िā¤šा⤏ ⤏्⤰ो⤤ों ⤏े ⤏⤤्⤝ाā¤Ē⤍ ⤕⤰ें।

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