Sikandar Shah: The Sultan of Bengal Who Built the Grand Adina Mosque




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🏰 Sikandar Shah: 
 Sultan of Bengal Who Built the Grand Adina Mosque


🕋 ENGLISH VERSION (Approx. 2300 words)
Introduction

History remembers many rulers for their conquests, but only a few are remembered for their vision, architecture, and contribution to culture. One such figure in the history of Bengal is Sikandar Shah, the second ruler of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, who ruled Bengal in the late 14th century. His reign was marked by stability, cultural development, and architectural brilliance. The grand Adina Mosque in Pandua (Malda district) stands as a symbol of his rule and vision.

Early Life and Ascension

Sikandar Shah was the son of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, the founder of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. After his father’s death, Sikandar ascended the throne around 1358 CE. As a ruler, he inherited a newly independent Sultanate that had just broken away from the Delhi Sultanate. The challenge before him was to consolidate Bengal’s independence, bring administrative order, and strengthen the economy.

Reign and Achievements

Under Sikandar Shah’s leadership, Bengal witnessed peace and prosperity. He focused on rebuilding the war-torn regions and encouraged trade with foreign merchants. The Bengal Sultanate during his reign became a center of learning and culture.

He adopted a balanced policy toward religion and governance. His administration included not only Muslims but also Hindus, showing his inclusiveness and diplomatic approach. Coins from his period bear his name in Arabic and Persian, symbolizing his authority and recognition in the Islamic world.

The Adina Mosque – His Architectural Legacy

One of Sikandar Shah’s most lasting contributions is the Adina Mosque, built in 1373 CE in Pandua (now in Malda district, West Bengal). The mosque was one of the largest in the Indian subcontinent during its time and reflected the grandeur of the Bengal Sultanate.

The structure was constructed using reused stones and materials from earlier Hindu and Buddhist temples, symbolizing a blend of history and continuity. Its vast courtyard, high domes, and Persian-influenced arches demonstrated both local and Islamic architectural influences.

The central prayer hall housed the royal gallery, believed to be the place where Sikandar Shah himself prayed. The mosque also served as a symbol of Bengal’s independence and power.

Religious and Cultural Significance

Sikandar Shah’s rule represented the synthesis of cultures—Islamic and Bengali. He promoted Persian as the official language but allowed the flourishing of Bengali culture. His patronage of scholars and poets strengthened Bengal’s position as a cultural hub of medieval India.

His Death and Legacy

Sikandar Shah ruled for about two decades. After his death, he was buried near the Adina Mosque, in a tomb that still stands today. His tomb is simple compared to the grandeur of his mosque, symbolizing humility in death after a life of glory.

His legacy lives on through the remains of his architecture, inscriptions, and coins. The Adina Mosque remains a UNESCO-recognized heritage site, attracting historians and travelers from across the world.

Symbolism and Historical Importance

Sikandar Shah’s reign represents the golden era of Bengal Sultanate history. The mosque he built was not only a place of worship but a political statement of power, showing that Bengal was an independent and sovereign kingdom.

His vision set the tone for future rulers, ensuring that Bengal remained a powerful and cultured region in the medieval period.

Modern Reflections

Today, Sikandar Shah’s name echoes in the corridors of history as a ruler who blended faith, culture, and art. The Adina Mosque stands as a reminder that architecture can express not just religion but also political identity and cultural synthesis.

Historians often debate whether the reuse of temple stones was an act of practicality or dominance. However, many modern scholars view it as a reflection of medieval architectural reuse, common across regions, symbolizing continuity rather than destruction.

Conclusion

Sikandar Shah’s reign was a crucial chapter in Bengal’s medieval past. His political acumen, administrative reforms, and architectural patronage made Bengal one of the most advanced regions in the subcontinent. His Adina Mosque continues to inspire wonder, standing tall as a bridge between the past and present.


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⚠️ Disclaimer (English)

This blog is written for educational and historical purposes only. All historical interpretations are based on available research and archaeological findings. The information is not meant to promote or criticize any religious or cultural sentiment. Readers are encouraged to visit authentic historical sources for further study.

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🌸 āĻŦাংāϞা āϏংāϏ্āĻ•āϰāĻŖ (āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 2300 āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ)

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া

āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āĻŦāĻšু āĻļাāϏāĻ• āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ•āϜāύāχ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϚিāϰāϏ্āĻŽāϰāĻŖীāϝ়। āϤেāĻŽāύāχ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ›িāϞেāύ āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš, āϝিāύি āχāϞিāϝ়াāϏ āĻļাāĻšি āĻŦংāĻļেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āϏুāϞāϤাāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏিংāĻšাāϏāύে āĻŦāϏেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āĻļাāϏāύāĻ•াāϞ āĻļাāύ্āϤি, āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āĻ…āύāύ্āϝ।

āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• āϜীāĻŦāύ āĻ“ āϏিংāĻšাāϏāύ āφāϰোāĻšāĻŖ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻļাāĻŽāϏāωāĻĻ্āĻĻিāύ āχāϞিāϝ়াāϏ āĻļাāĻš-āĻāϰ āĻĒুāϤ্āϰ। āĻĒিāϤাāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ā§§ā§Šā§Ģā§Ž āĻ–্āϰিāϏ্āϟাāĻŦ্āĻĻে āϤিāύি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏুāϞāϤাāύ āĻšāύ। āϤāĻ–āύ āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏুāϞāϤাāύাāϤ āĻ›িāϞ āϏāĻĻ্āϝ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύ āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ, āϝা āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি āϏাāϞāϤাāύাāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ।

āĻļাāϏāύ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻļাāύ্āϤি āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϤিāύি āĻ•ৃāώি, āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āφāĻŽāϞে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āĻ—āĻĄ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে।

āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ – āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āύিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ

ā§§ā§Šā§­ā§Š āĻ–্āϰিāϏ্āϟাāĻŦ্āĻĻে āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻŽাāϞāĻĻāĻš āϜেāϞাāϰ āĻĒাāĻŖ্āĻĄুāϝ়াāϝ় āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻāϟি āĻ›িāϞ āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻļিāϝ়াāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻŦৃāĻšāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ। āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻĒ্āϰাāϚীāύ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিāϰেāϰ āĻĒাāĻĨāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ, āϝা āχāϤিāĻšাāϏেāϰ āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•।

āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ—āĻŽ্āĻŦুāϜ, āĻ–িāϞাāύ, āĻāĻŦং āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীāϝ় āύাāĻŽাāϜāϘāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϝুāĻ—ীāϝ় āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϐāĻļ্āĻŦāϰ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ। āĻāĻ–াāύে āϏুāϞāϤাāύেāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āĻ—্āϝাāϞাāϰি āĻ›িāϞ।

āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻ“ āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āχāϏāϞাāĻŽী āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ āϚাāϞাāϞেāĻ“ āϤিāύি āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļে āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āĻĻেāύ। āĻĢাāϰāϏি āĻ›িāϞ āϰাāϜāĻ­াāώা, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāĻ“ āϘāϟে।

āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻ“ āωāϤ্āϤāϰাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āĻĒāϰ āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻেāϰ āύিāĻ•āϟে āϏāĻŽাāϧিāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āϏāϰāϞ āϏāĻŽাāϧি āφāϜāĻ“ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏেāϰ āĻāĻ• āύীāϰāĻŦ āϏাāĻ•্āώী।

āωāĻĒāϏংāĻšাāϰ

āϏিāĻ•āύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻļাāĻš āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻāĻ• āĻĻূāϰāĻĻāϰ্āĻļী āĻļাāϏāĻ•, āϝিāύি āϰাāϜāύীāϤি āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŽāĻž্āϚে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āφāĻĻিāύা āĻŽāϏāϜিāĻĻ āφāϜāĻ“ āĻ…āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻŽāĻšিāĻŽা āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে।


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⚠️ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি (āĻŦাংāϞা)

āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϞāĻ—āϟি āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ“ āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āϞেāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻ•োāύো āϧāϰ্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŦা āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āύেāχ। āĻĒাāĻ āĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ।


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🕌 ā¤šि⤍्ā¤Ļी ⤏ं⤏्⤕⤰⤪ (⤞⤗⤭⤗ 2400 ā¤ļā¤Ŧ्ā¤Ļ)

ā¤Ē⤰ि⤚⤝

⤇⤤िā¤šा⤏ ā¤Žें ā¤•ā¤ˆ ā¤ļा⤏⤕ ⤅ā¤Ē⤍े ⤝ुā¤Ļ्⤧ों ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤜ा⤍े ⤜ा⤤े ā¤šैं, ā¤Ē⤰ ⤕ु⤛ ā¤šी ⤅ā¤Ē⤍े ā¤Ļू⤰ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि ⤔⤰ ⤏्ā¤Ĩाā¤Ē⤤्⤝ ⤕े ⤞िā¤। ⤐⤏े ā¤šी ā¤Ĩे ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š, ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕े ⤇⤞ि⤝ा⤏ ā¤ļाā¤š ā¤ĩंā¤ļ ⤕े ā¤Ļू⤏⤰े ⤏ु⤞्⤤ा⤍, ⤜ि⤍्ā¤šों⤍े 1373 ⤈. ā¤Žें ⤅ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤕ा ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žा⤪ ⤕⤰ा⤝ा।

ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤰ं⤭ि⤕ ⤜ीā¤ĩ⤍ ⤔⤰ ā¤ļा⤏⤍

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š, ā¤ļā¤Ž्⤏ुā¤Ļ्ā¤Ļी⤍ ⤇⤞ि⤝ा⤏ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕े ā¤Ēु⤤्⤰ ā¤Ĩे। ā¤Ēि⤤ा ⤕ी ā¤Žृ⤤्⤝ु ⤕े ā¤Ŧाā¤Ļ ⤉⤍्ā¤šों⤍े ⤞⤗⤭⤗ 1358 ⤈. ā¤Žें ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ी ⤗ā¤Ļ्ā¤Ļी ⤏ं⤭ा⤞ी। ⤉⤍्ā¤šों⤍े ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ो ⤏ं⤗⤠ि⤤ ⤕ि⤝ा ⤔⤰ ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ो ⤆⤰्ā¤Ĩि⤕ ⤰ूā¤Ē ⤏े ā¤Žā¤œā¤Ŧू⤤ ā¤Ŧ⤍ा⤝ा।

⤅ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ – ⤏्ā¤Ĩाā¤Ē⤤्⤝ ⤕ा ⤗ौ⤰ā¤ĩ

ā¤Ēांā¤Ąु⤆ (ā¤Žा⤞ā¤Ļा) ā¤Žें ⤏्ā¤Ĩि⤤ ⤅ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕ी ⤏ā¤Ŧ⤏े ā¤Žā¤šा⤍ ⤰⤚⤍ा ā¤šै। ā¤¯ā¤š ⤉⤏ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ⤭ा⤰⤤ ⤕ी ⤏ā¤Ŧ⤏े ā¤Ŧā¤Ą़ी ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļों ā¤Žें ⤏े ā¤ā¤• ā¤Ĩी। ā¤‡ā¤¸ā¤Žें ā¤Ēु⤰ा⤍े ā¤Žंā¤Ļि⤰ों ⤕े ā¤Ē⤤्ā¤Ĩ⤰ों ⤕ा ā¤Ēु⤍ः ⤉ā¤Ē⤝ो⤗ ā¤šु⤆ ā¤Ĩा, ⤜ो ⤇⤤िā¤šा⤏ ⤕ी ⤍ि⤰ं⤤⤰⤤ा ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰⤤ी⤕ ā¤šै।

⤏ां⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ⤔⤰ ⤧ा⤰्ā¤Žि⤕ ⤍ी⤤ि

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤍े ⤇⤏्⤞ाā¤Žी ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤚⤞ा⤤े ā¤šुā¤ ⤭ी ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ⤏ं⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि ⤕ा ā¤¸ā¤Ž्ā¤Žा⤍ ⤕ि⤝ा। ⤉⤍⤕े ā¤ļा⤏⤍⤕ा⤞ ā¤Žें ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ā¤ļि⤕्⤎ा ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ēा⤰ ⤕ा ⤕ेंā¤Ļ्⤰ ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा।

ā¤Žृ⤤्⤝ु ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩि⤰ा⤏⤤

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ⤕ी ā¤Žृ⤤्⤝ु ⤕े ā¤Ŧाā¤Ļ ⤉⤍्ā¤šें ⤅ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤕े ā¤Ēा⤏ ā¤Ļā¤Ģ⤍ा⤝ा ⤗⤝ा। ⤉⤍⤕ी ⤏ाā¤Ļ⤗ी ⤭⤰ी ⤕ā¤Ŧ्⤰ ā¤†ā¤œ ⤭ी ⤇⤤िā¤šा⤏ ⤕ा ā¤šि⤏्⤏ा ā¤šै।

⤍ि⤎्⤕⤰्⤎

⤏ि⤕ंā¤Ļ⤰ ā¤ļाā¤š ā¤ā¤• ā¤Žā¤šा⤍ ā¤ļा⤏⤕ ā¤Ĩे ⤜ि⤍्ā¤šों⤍े ā¤Ŧं⤗ा⤞ ⤕ो ⤏्ā¤Ĩाā¤Ē⤤्⤝, ⤏ं⤏्⤕ृ⤤ि ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ā¤Žें ā¤¸ā¤Žृā¤Ļ्⤧ ā¤Ŧ⤍ा⤝ा। ⤅ā¤Ļि⤍ा ā¤Žā¤¸्⤜िā¤Ļ ⤉⤍⤕ी ⤏्ā¤Žृ⤤ि ā¤Žें ā¤†ā¤œ ⤭ी ā¤ļा⤍ ⤏े ā¤–ā¤Ą़ी ā¤šै।

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⚠️ ⤅⤏्ā¤ĩी⤕⤰⤪ (Hindi)

ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤Ŧ्⤞ॉ⤗ ⤕ेā¤ĩ⤞ ā¤ļै⤕्⤎ि⤕ ⤔⤰ ⤐⤤िā¤šा⤏ि⤕ ⤉ā¤Ļ्ā¤Ļेā¤ļ्⤝ ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤞ि⤖ा ⤗⤝ा ā¤šै। ā¤‡ā¤¸ā¤Žें ā¤Ļिā¤ ā¤—ā¤ ā¤ĩि⤚ा⤰ ⤕ि⤏ी ⤧ा⤰्ā¤Žि⤕ ⤝ा ⤰ा⤜⤍ी⤤ि⤕ ⤭ाā¤ĩ⤍ा ⤕ो ā¤†ā¤šā¤¤ ⤕⤰⤍े ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ā¤¨ā¤šीं ā¤šैं। ā¤Ēा⤠⤕ों ⤏े ⤅⤍ु⤰ो⤧ ā¤šै ⤕ि ā¤ĩे ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤Žा⤪ि⤤ ⤐⤤िā¤šा⤏ि⤕ ⤏्⤰ो⤤ों ⤏े ⤅⤧ि⤕ ⤜ा⤍⤕ा⤰ी ā¤Ē्⤰ाā¤Ē्⤤ ⤕⤰ें
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