Meta informationMeta description:Recent news from Odisha: urban governance upgrades, recruitment scam bust, wildlife and environment actions, disaster preparedness. A calm, balanced commentary in English, Bengali and Hindi.Keywords/hashtags:Odisha news, Odisha urbanisation, Odisha recruitment scam, Odisha wildlife, Odisha disaster management, Odisha environment, #OdishaUpdates, #OdishaNews, #UrbanOdisha, #WildlifeOdisha, #DisasterOdisha, #OdishaDevelopment



Disclaimer: I am a trader/writer, not a journalist or professional analyst. This blog is for informational and reflective purpose only. The views expressed are mine, and readers should verify facts independently.

Meta information

Meta description:
Recent news from Odisha: urban governance upgrades, recruitment scam bust, wildlife and environment actions, disaster preparedness. A calm, balanced commentary in English, Bengali and Hindi.
Keywords/hashtags:
Odisha news, Odisha urbanisation, Odisha recruitment scam, Odisha wildlife, Odisha disaster management, Odisha environment, #OdishaUpdates, #OdishaNews, #UrbanOdisha, #WildlifeOdisha, #DisasterOdisha, #OdishaDevelopment


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Part 1: English Version

Introduction

Odisha, a state on India’s eastern coast, continues to evolve rapidly. From expanding urban infrastructure to safeguarding ecosystems, from confronting institutional integrity issues to nurturing its rich natural heritage, the region offers a mosaic of challenges and opportunities. In this blog we take a reflective look at some recent developments across governance, nature, society and economy. The aim is to inform calmly, without panic, and to invite thoughtful engagement.

1. Urban Transformation

One of the major headlines: the state government announced the creation of 28 new Notified Area Councils (NACs) and upgrade of seven existing NACs to municipalities, signalling a strategic push to handle rapid urbanisation and ensure balanced development across coastal and inland areas. 
This move suggests recognition that urban governance must keep pace with population mobility, infrastructure demands and civic services. For residents this might mean better access to sanitation, roads, water supply and formal local governance.
At the same time, such transitions bring challenges: funding, capacity of municipal staff, managing peri-urban growth and preserving environment around expanding towns. The transformation is a chance to design sustainable urban systems rather than reactive expansion.

2. Institutional Integrity: Recruitment Scam

Governance also faces serious tests of integrity. The state’s Crime Branch arrested the alleged mastermind behind a major police Sub-Inspector (SI) recruitment scam. 
Recruitments in public service are foundational to trust in institutions. When processes become tainted by manipulation—such as leaked examination papers, bribery, favouritism—public confidence suffers.
For Odisha, this development may serve as a turning point: stricter monitoring, transparent appointments and broader civil-society oversight are essential. Ultimately, fairness in recruitment not only supports individual careers but also strengthens the credibility of law-enforcement and administration.

3. Nature & Wildlife: Elephants, Forests, Sanctuaries

A heartening piece of news: on the Jharkhand–Odisha border, 12 long-distance trains were halted to allow safe passage for a herd of 22 elephants crossing a railway track. 
This underscores the growing awareness of human-wildlife conflicts and the need to preserve animal corridors. Railways and forest departments coordinating in this way signal positive change.
In another update, the Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary in Balasore district opened for tourists with two waterfalls and released deer from the nearby zoo-park, making nature tourism more accessible. 
These developments reflect how Odisha can leverage its rich natural heritage for ecological health and sustainable tourism. The key is balance: protecting habitats while enabling people to connect with nature responsibly.

4. Disaster Preparedness and Community Action

In a vivid example of local initiative, villagers in three villages in the Ganjam district carved a new river mouth in 10 hours to drain floodwater and protect thousands of acres of farmland ahead of tidal back-flow. 
This story highlights how on-the-ground community action, allied with awareness of natural cycles (e.g., tides), can mitigate disaster risk. Climate change makes such events more frequent; thus, early preparedness, local knowledge and institutional support are all vital.
From a policy viewpoint, integrating community instincts with technical planning (like tidal modelling, flood forecasting, green infrastructure) could make Odisha more resilient.

5. Technology & Manufacturing: Semiconductor Investment

Odisha is making strides in high-tech manufacturing: the company SiCSem plans to operationalise a semiconductor manufacturing unit by 2027-28. 
This is significant since chips and semiconductors are critical globally. For Odisha this means potential employment opportunities, skill development, upstream-industry growth and integration into national supply chains.
However, major investments also carry responsibilities: infrastructure readiness (power, water, supply-chain), environmental safeguards, local skill training, and ensuring benefits reach likely impacted communities.

6. Reflection: The Larger Picture

When we look across these stories, some themes emerge:

The tension between development and preservation. Urban growth, industrial investment, tourist access vs. natural habitats, ecosystem services, local community lives.

The importance of institutional trust. Whether it’s recruitment integrity or governance of new municipalities, credibility matters.

Community as actor, not just recipient. The Ganjam villagers’ initiative shows that local agency matters hugely.

Technology and nature aren’t opposites. With the right planning, Odisha can invest in semiconductors and protect wildlife corridors; the urban-rural continuum can be sustainable.


7. What Can Readers Take Away?

If you are a resident or citizen: stay aware. When authorities announce upgrades (e.g., NAC → municipality), ask: what changes for sanitation, roads, property rights?

If you care about environment: watch how wildlife corridors, tourist policies, ecosystem safeguards evolve.

If you’re a youth or student: opportunities in burgeoning sectors (tech manufacturing) may open—but also be mindful of local context and skill gaps.

For all of us: realize that change is not only top-down. Local action, participatory governance and civil society engagement are vital.


Conclusion

Odisha stands at a juncture of transformation. Rapid urbanisation, technological ambition, nature conservation, institutional reform—these are the gears turning now. The stories we’ve touched on reflect real on-ground shifts, and many more will follow. For the state to reap the benefits, the change must be inclusive, responsible and sustainable. As readers, staying informed and reflective helps us engage with what’s coming.


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Part 2: Bengali Version (āĻŦাংāϞা)

āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤি

āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻ­াāϰāϤীāϝ় āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻ“āĻĄ়িāĻļা (Odisha) āϰাāϜ্āϝāϟি āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āύāĻ—āϰা⧟āύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—āϤ āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦিāύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ—āφāϜāĻ•েāϰ āĻ“āĻĄ়িāĻļাāϰ āĻ›āĻŦিāϤে āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āφāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϞāĻ—ে āφāĻŽāϰা āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ• āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ: āύāĻ—āϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ, āύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ•েāϞেāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰি, āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖী āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি-āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—। āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ: āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āύা āĻšā§Ÿে, āĻļাāύ্āϤ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—িāϤে āĻŦোāϧāĻ—āĻŽ্āϝ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰা।

ā§§. āύāĻ—āϰ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ

āϰাāϜ্āϝ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϘোāώāĻŖা āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী, āύāϤুāύ ā§¨ā§Žāϟি āύোāϟিāĻĢা⧟েāĻĄ āĻāϰি⧟া āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞ (NAC) āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āϏাāϤāϟি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāϰ NAC-āĻ•ে āĻĒৌāϰāϏāĻ­াāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। 
āĻāχ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āύāĻ—āϰা⧟āύেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϤাāϞ āĻŽিāϞি⧟ে āϚāϞাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύাāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ। āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞী⧟ āĻ“ āĻ…āύ্āϤঃāĻ­ূāĻŽিāϰ āωāϭ⧟ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞে āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ, āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏেāĻŦা⧟ āϏāĻŽāϤা – āĻ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϚ্āĻ›ে।
āϤāĻŦে āĻāχ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āύেāχ āĻŦāϞāϞেāχ āϚāϞে āύা: āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨা⧟āύ, āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύেāϰ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা, āĻļāĻšāϰāϤāϞী āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āϰāĻ•্āώা – āĻāϏāĻŦ āϚ্āϝাāϞেāĻž্āϜ āϏাāĻŽāύে āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϝāĻĻি āĻāχ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāĻ•ে āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āύে⧟া āϝা⧟—āύāĻ—āϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা⧟ āϟেāĻ•āϏāχ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ—ā§œে—āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻŽে⧟াāĻĻি āĻĢāϞ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ।

⧍. āύি⧟োāĻ—ে āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা

āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—āϤ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ। āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϰাāϜ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦ⧜ āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āωāĻĒ-āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāĻ• (SI) āύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ•েāϞেāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰিāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻšāĻ­াāϜāύ āĻ—্āϰেāĻĢāϤাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। 
āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āύি⧟োāĻ— āϝāĻĻি āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ› āĻ“ āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āύা āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—āϤ āĻ­াāĻŦāĻŽূāϰ্āϤি āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।
āĻ“ā§œিāĻļাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāχ āϘāϟāύা āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻŽো⧜ āϘুāϰাāύোāϰ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤ। āĻ•ā§œাāĻ•ā§œি āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āύি⧟োāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰি⧟াāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা, āύāĻ—āϰ āĻ“ āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞেāϰ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ—āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ। āĻļুāϧু āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ•্āϝাāϰি⧟াāϰ āύ⧟, āĻ—োāϟা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ āĻ“ āφāχāύāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦāĻŽূāϰ্āϤিāĻ“ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ।

ā§Š. āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻ“ āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖী: āĻšাāϤি, āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āĻ…āϭ⧟াāϰāĻŖ্āϝ

āĻā§œāĻāĻž্āĻা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāύাāĻž্āϚāϞেāϰ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻāĻ• āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ: āĻা⧜āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄ–āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝা āϏীāĻŽাāύা⧟ ⧍⧍āϟি āĻšাāϤিāϰ āĻĻāϞ āϰেāϞāĻĒāĻĨ āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤে ⧧⧍āϟি āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ-āĻĻূāϰāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āϟ্āϰেāύ āĻĨাāĻŽাāύো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। 
āĻāϟি āĻŽাāύāĻŦ-āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖী āĻĻ্āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽাāύোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦা⧜āϤি āϏāϚেāϤāύāϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•। āϰেāϞ āĻ“ āĻŦāύ āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ— āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে।
āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে, āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝাāϰ āĻŦাāϞাāϏোāϰ āϜেāϞাāϰ āĻ•ুāϞāĻĻিāĻšা āĻ“ā§ŸাāχāϞ্āĻĄāϞাāχāĻĢ āϏ্āϝাংāϚু⧟াāϰি āĻ–ুāϞেāĻ›ে āĻĒāϰ্āϝāϟāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ; āϏেāĻ–াāύে āύāϤুāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻুāχāϟি āϜāϞāĻĒ্āϰāĻĒাāϤ āϚাāϞু āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āϜু āĻĒাāϰ্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻšāϰিāĻŖ āĻ›ে⧜েāĻ›ে āĻŦāύাāĻž্āϚāϞে। 
āĻāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻļুāϧু āĻĒāϰ্āϝāϟāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āύা, āĻŦāϰং āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏংāϝোāĻ— āĻŦা⧜াāĻŦে। āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟিāĻ“ āĻšāϞো: āĻĒāϰ্āϝāϟāύ āĻšāϞে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ, āϜীāĻŦāĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্āϰ্āϝ āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻা⧟ āϰāĻ•্āώা āĻĒাāĻŦে—āĻāϟি āĻ­াāĻŦāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ē. āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻ“ āϜāύāϏāϚেāϤāύāϤা

āĻ—োāϜাāĻŽ – āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝাāϰ āĻ—āĻž্āϜাāĻŽ āϜেāϞা⧟ āĻāĻ• āωāϤ্āϤেāϜāύাāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϘāϟāύাঃ āϤিāύāϟি āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽেāϰ āϞোāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĻāĻļ āϘāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽিāϟাāϰ āύāĻĻীāĻŽুāĻ– āĻ–ুঁ⧜ে āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āύি⧟েāĻ›িāϞো āϝাāϤে āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦৃāώ্āϟিāĻĒাāϤেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϜāϞ āϜāĻŽে āĻĢāϏāϞি āϜāĻŽিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āύা āĻ•āϰে। 
āĻāχ āϘāϟāύা āĻĻেāĻ–া⧟, āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা, āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻŽāϤো āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϚāĻ•্āϰ (āϝেāĻŽāύ āϜো⧟াāϰ-āĻ­াāϟাāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϏāϚেāϤāύāϤা āĻ•āϤāϟা āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻāĻ–āύ āĻļুāϧু “āĻāĻ•-āĻŦাāϰেāϰ āϘāϟāύা” āύ⧟; āĻāϟি āĻāĻ• āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤ āϚ্āϝাāϞেāĻž্āϜ āĻšā§Ÿে āωāĻ āĻ›ে। āϤাāχ āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি + āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্āϰ + āϏāĻŦুāϜ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āĻŽিāĻļি⧟ে āĻ—েāϞে āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ—-āϏāĻšāύāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻŦা⧜াāύো āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ।

ā§Ģ. āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ: āϏেāĻŽিāĻ•āύ্āĻĄাāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—

āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝা⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি-āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—ে āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻ—āϤি āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে: āϏেāĻŽিāĻ•āύ্āĻĄাāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻ•াāϰী āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা SiCSem āφāĻ—াāĻŽী ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧭-ā§¨ā§Ž āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āχāωāύিāϟ āϚাāϞু āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। 
āĻāχ āϧাāĻĒāϟি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āϏেāĻŽিāĻ•āύ্āĻĄাāĻ•্āϟāϰ āφāϜ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϤে āĻŽেāϰুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽāϤো। āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāϟি āύāϤুāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ, āĻĒুāϰো āϏাāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰিāĻ• āχāύāĻĄাāϏ্āϟ্āϰিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļāĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
āϤāĻŦে āĻļুāϧু āĻŦ⧜ āϘোāώāĻŖা āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āύ⧟—āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ, āϜāϞেāϰ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰাāĻš, āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ-āϏāϰāĻŦāϰাāĻš, āĻļ্āϰāĻŽāĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ-āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻāχāϏāĻŦেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏাāĻŽāĻž্āϜāϏ্āϝ āĻĨাāĻ•া āϜāϰুāϰি।

ā§Ŧ. āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ: āĻŦৃāĻšāϤ্āϤāϰ āϚিāϤ্āϰ

āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻŽāύে āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϟি āϰূāĻĒāϰেāĻ–া āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜া⧟:

āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦāύাāĻŽ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ — āύāĻ—āϰা⧟āύ, āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻĒāϰ্āϝāϟāύ vs āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ, āĻŦāύা⧟āύ, āϜীāĻŦāĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্āϰ্āϝ।

āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ — āύি⧟োāĻ— āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ।

āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āϜāύāĻ—āύেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ — āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āωāĻĒāĻ­োāĻ—āĻ•াāϰী āύ⧟, āϏāĻ•্āϰি⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•াāϰী āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϜāϰুāϰি।

āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻāĻ•-āĻ…āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻĒূāϰāĻ• — āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ-āĻšিāϤāĻ•āϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা⧟ āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝা āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।


ā§­. āĻĒাāĻ āĻ•েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŖী⧟

āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻĨাāĻ•ুāύ: āϝāĻĻি āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻāϞাāĻ•া⧟ NAC āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒৌāϰāϏāĻ­া⧟ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšā§Ÿ, āύāϤুāύ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻŦা āĻĻাāϝ়িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•ী āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻ•āϰুāύ।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽিāĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–ুāύ: āĻšাāϤি āĻĒāĻĨ, āĻ…āϭ⧟াāϰāĻŖ্āϝ, āĻĒāϰ্āϝāϟāύ āύীāϤি āĻ•েāĻŽāύ āϚāϞāĻ›ে āϤা āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻিāύ।

āϝুāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ: āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি-āϏেāĻ•্āϟāϰে āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻŦাāĻĄ়āĻ›ে—āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āĻŦুāĻে āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āύিāύ।

āϏāĻ•āϞেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ: āϜাāύুāύ, āĻ­াāĻŦুāύ, āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰুāύ—āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻļুāϧু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āύ⧟, āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ-āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϜāϰুāϰি।


āωāĻĒāϏংāĻšাāϰ

āĻ‰ā§œিāώ্āϝা āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে āφāĻ›ে। āύāĻ—āϰা⧟āύ, āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ—āĻāχ āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϘুāϰāĻ›ে। āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒ āĻļুāϧু āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āύ⧟; āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāϰ āĻ“ā§œিāώ্āϝাāϰ āϰূāĻĒāϰেāĻ–া āĻ—ā§œāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—, āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ“ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ—েāϞে āϰাāϜ্āϝ āωāĻĒāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻšāĻŦে। āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻĒাāĻ āĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āφāĻŽāϰা āĻļুāϧু āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰি āύা, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻ“ āĻ•āϰি, āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ“ āĻ•āϰি। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ•্āϰি⧟āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–াāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ–āύ।


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Part 3: Hindi Version (ā¤šिंā¤Ļी)

ā¤Ē⤰ि⤚⤝

ā¤Ēू⤰्ā¤ĩी ⤭ा⤰⤤ ⤕े ⤤⤟ā¤ĩ⤰्⤤ी ⤰ा⤜्⤝ ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा (Odisha) ⤤े⤜ी ⤏े ā¤Ŧā¤Ļ⤞ ā¤°ā¤šा ā¤šै। ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी⤕⤰⤪ ⤏े ⤞े⤕⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ⤧⤰ोā¤šā¤° ⤕ी ⤰⤕्⤎ा, ⤍ि⤝ु⤕्⤤ि ā¤ļ्⤰ृं⤖⤞ा ā¤Žें ā¤Ēा⤰ā¤Ļ⤰्ā¤ļि⤤ा ⤏े ⤞े⤕⤰ ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ी ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žा⤪—ā¤“ā¤Ą़िā¤ļा ⤕ी ā¤ĩ⤰्ā¤¤ā¤Žा⤍ ⤤⤏्ā¤ĩी⤰ ā¤Žें ā¤Ŧā¤šु⤆⤝ाā¤Žी ā¤Ē⤰िā¤ĩ⤰्⤤⤍ ā¤Ļि⤖⤤े ā¤šैं। ⤇⤏ ā¤Ŧ्⤞ॉ⤗ ā¤Žें ā¤šā¤Ž ⤕ु⤛ ⤤ा⤜़ा ⤖ā¤Ŧ⤰ों ⤕ो ā¤ĩि⤏्⤤ृ⤤ ⤰ूā¤Ē ⤏े ā¤Ļे⤖ें⤗े: ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी ā¤ĩि⤕ा⤏, ⤭⤰्⤤ी ⤘ो⤟ा⤞ा, ā¤ĩ⤍्⤝⤜ीā¤ĩ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪, ⤆ā¤Ēā¤Ļा ⤤ै⤝ा⤰ी, ⤔⤰ ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ ⤍िā¤ĩेā¤ļ। ⤉ā¤Ļ्ā¤Ļेā¤ļ्⤝ ā¤šै—ā¤ļां⤤ ⤔⤰ ⤏⤕ा⤰ा⤤्ā¤Žā¤• ⤏्ā¤ĩ⤰ ā¤Žें ⤜ा⤍⤕ा⤰ी ā¤Ļे⤍ा ⤔⤰ ⤚िं⤤⤍ ⤕ो ā¤Ē्⤰े⤰ि⤤ ⤕⤰⤍ा।

āĨ§. ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी ⤰ूā¤Ēां⤤⤰⤪

⤰ा⤜्⤝ ⤏⤰⤕ा⤰ ⤍े ā¤šा⤞ ā¤šी ā¤Žें āĨ¨āĨŽ ā¤¨ā¤ “⤍ो⤟िā¤Ģाā¤‡ā¤Ą ā¤ā¤°ि⤝ा ⤕ा⤉ं⤏ि⤞” (NAC) ā¤Ŧ⤍ा⤍े ⤔⤰ ⤏ा⤤ ā¤Žौ⤜ूā¤Ļा NACs ⤕ो ⤍⤗⤰ā¤Ēा⤞ि⤕ा ā¤Ļ⤰्⤜ा ā¤Ļे⤍े ⤕ी ⤘ो⤎⤪ा ⤕ी ā¤šै। 
ā¤¯ā¤š ⤏ं⤕े⤤ ā¤šै ⤕ि ā¤Ŧā¤Ą़े-ā¤ŦāĨœे ⤍⤗⤰ों ⤕े ⤆⤏ā¤Ēा⤏ ⤕े ⤇⤞ा⤕ों ā¤Žें ⤭ी ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी ⤏ुā¤ĩि⤧ा⤓ं ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ो ā¤ĩि⤏्⤤ा⤰ ā¤Ļे⤍ा ⤆ā¤ĩā¤ļ्⤝⤕ ā¤Žा⤍ा ⤗⤝ा ā¤šै।
ā¤šा⤞ाँ⤕ि, ⤇⤏ ā¤Ē⤰िā¤ĩ⤰्⤤⤍ ⤕े ⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤚ु⤍ौ⤤ि⤝ाँ ⤭ी ⤜ुā¤Ą़ी ā¤šैं: ā¤ĩि⤤्⤤ी⤝ ⤏ं⤏ा⤧⤍, ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤕ी ⤕्ā¤ˇā¤Žā¤¤ा, ⤉ā¤Ē⤍⤗⤰ों ⤕ा ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤Ŧं⤧⤍, ⤤ā¤Ĩा ā¤Ē⤰्⤝ाā¤ĩ⤰⤪ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪। ⤝ā¤Ļि ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤¸ā¤šी ā¤Ļिā¤ļा ā¤Žें ⤆⤗े ā¤ŦāĨे, ⤤ो ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी ā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩा ⤕ो ⤟ि⤕ा⤊ ⤆⤧ा⤰ ā¤Žि⤞ ⤏⤕⤤ा ā¤šै।

āĨ¨. ⤍ि⤝ु⤕्⤤ि ā¤Ē्⤰⤪ा⤞ी ā¤Žें ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩा⤏

⤏ा⤰्ā¤ĩ⤜⤍ि⤕ ⤏ेā¤ĩा ā¤Žें ⤍ि⤝ु⤕्⤤ि ā¤Ē्⤰⤪ा⤞ी ⤕ा ⤍ि⤎्ā¤Ē⤕्⤎ ā¤šो⤍ा ā¤Ŧā¤šु⤤ ⤜⤰ू⤰ी ā¤šै। ā¤šा⤞ ā¤šी ā¤Žें ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा ā¤Žें ā¤ā¤• ā¤Ŧā¤Ą़े ā¤Ēु⤞ि⤏ ⤏ā¤Ŧ-⤇ं⤏्ā¤Ēे⤕्⤟⤰ (SI) ⤭⤰्⤤ी ⤘ो⤟ा⤞े ⤕ा ā¤Žु⤖्⤝ ⤆⤰ोā¤Ēी ⤗ि⤰ā¤Ģ्⤤ा⤰ ā¤šु⤆ ā¤šै। 
⤜ā¤Ŧ ⤍ि⤝ु⤕्⤤ि⤝ाँ ⤭्⤰⤎्‍⤟ ⤝ा ⤅ā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩि⤤ ā¤šो⤤ी ā¤šैं, ⤤ो ⤞ो⤗ों ⤕ा ⤏⤰⤕ा⤰ी ⤏ं⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤓ं ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩा⤏ ā¤•ā¤Ž ā¤šो⤤ा ā¤šै।
ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤Žोā¤Ą़ ā¤šो ⤏⤕⤤ा ā¤šै: ā¤Ēा⤰ā¤Ļ⤰्ā¤ļी ⤭⤰्⤤ी ā¤Ē्⤰⤕्⤰ि⤝ा, ⤍ि⤗⤰ा⤍ी ⤕ा ā¤•ā¤Ą़ाā¤Ē⤍, ⤍ा⤗⤰ि⤕ ⤭ा⤗ीā¤Ļा⤰ी—⤇⤍ ⤏ā¤Ŧ⤕ा ā¤Žā¤šā¤¤्ā¤ĩ ā¤ŦāĨ ⤗⤝ा ā¤šै। ā¤¯ā¤š ⤏ि⤰्ā¤Ģ-ā¤ĩ्⤝⤕्⤤ि-⤕ै⤰ि⤝⤰ ⤕ा ā¤Žाā¤Žā¤˛ा ā¤¨ā¤šीं ā¤Ŧ⤞्⤕ि ā¤Ēू⤰े ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ ⤔⤰ ⤕ा⤍ू⤍-ā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩा ⤕ी ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩ⤏⤍ी⤝⤤ा ⤕ा ⤏ā¤ĩा⤞ ā¤šै।

āĨŠ. ā¤Ē्⤰⤕ृ⤤ि ā¤ā¤ĩं ā¤ĩ⤍्⤝⤜ीā¤ĩ: ā¤šाā¤Ĩि⤝ों ⤏े ⤞े⤕⤰ ⤅⤭⤝ा⤰⤪्⤝ों ⤤⤕

ā¤Žा⤍ā¤ĩ-ā¤ĩ⤍्⤝⤜ीā¤ĩ ⤏ं⤘⤰्⤎ ⤕े ā¤Ŧी⤚ ⤏⤕ा⤰ा⤤्ā¤Žā¤• ⤖ā¤Ŧ⤰: ā¤ा⤰⤖⤪्ā¤Ą-ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा ⤏ीā¤Žा ā¤Ē⤰ āĨ¨āĨ¨ ā¤šाā¤Ĩि⤝ों ⤕े ā¤Ļ⤞ ⤕े ⤰े⤞ā¤Ēā¤Ĩ ā¤Ēा⤰ ⤕⤰⤍े ⤕े ⤞िā¤ āĨ§āĨ¨ ⤞ंā¤Ŧी ā¤Ļू⤰ी ⤕ी ⤟्⤰े⤍ों ⤕ो ⤰ो⤕ा ⤗⤝ा। 
ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤Ļि⤖ा⤤ा ā¤šै ⤕ि ⤅ā¤Ŧ ā¤ĩ⤍ ā¤ĩि⤭ा⤗ ⤔⤰ ⤰े⤞ā¤ĩे ā¤Žि⤞⤕⤰ ⤕ाā¤Ž ⤕⤰ ā¤°ā¤šे ā¤šैं, ⤔⤰ ā¤ĩ⤍्⤝⤜ीā¤ĩ ā¤Ēाā¤°ā¤—ā¤Žā¤¨ ā¤Žा⤰्⤗ों ⤕ा ā¤¸ā¤Ž्ā¤Žा⤍ ā¤Ŧā¤ĸ़ ā¤°ā¤šा ā¤šै।
ā¤ā¤• ⤅⤍्⤝ ⤖ā¤Ŧ⤰: ā¤Ŧा⤞ा⤏ो⤰ ⤜ि⤞े ⤕े ⤕ूā¤˛ā¤Ąिā¤šा ā¤ĩा⤝⤞्ā¤Ąā¤˛ा⤇ā¤Ģ ⤏ैं⤕्⤚ु⤅⤰ी ⤕ो ā¤Ē⤰्ā¤¯ā¤Ÿā¤•ों ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤖ो⤞ा ⤗⤝ा; ā¤‡ā¤¸ā¤Žें ā¤Ļो ā¤¨ā¤ ⤜⤞ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤Ēा⤤ ⤔⤰ ⤜ं⤗⤞ ā¤Žें ⤛ोā¤Ą़ी ā¤—ā¤ˆ ā¤šि⤰⤪ों ⤕ी ⤏ुā¤ĩि⤧ा ā¤ļाā¤Žि⤞ ā¤šै। 
⤝े ⤕ā¤Ļā¤Ž ā¤ĩ⤍ ā¤ā¤ĩं ā¤Ē⤰्⤝⤟⤍ ⤕ो ⤏ं⤤ु⤞ि⤤ ⤰ूā¤Ē ⤏े ⤆⤗े ⤞े ⤜ा⤍े ⤕ी ā¤Ļिā¤ļा ā¤Žें ā¤šैं। ⤞े⤕ि⤍ ⤇⤏े ⤏ā¤Ģ⤞ ā¤Ŧ⤍ा⤍े ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤜⤰ू⤰ी ā¤šै ⤕ि ā¤Ē⤰्⤝ाā¤ĩ⤰⤪ ⤏ु⤰⤕्⤎ा, ⤜ैā¤ĩ-ā¤ĩिā¤ĩि⤧⤤ा ⤔⤰ ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ā¤¸ā¤Žुā¤Ļा⤝ों ⤕ी ⤭ा⤗ीā¤Ļा⤰ी ⤏ु⤍िā¤ļ्⤚ि⤤ ā¤šो।

āĨĒ. ⤆ā¤Ēā¤Ļा-⤤ै⤝ा⤰ी ⤔⤰ ⤞ो⤕ ⤏⤕्⤰ि⤝⤤ा

⤗ं⤜ाā¤Ž ⤜ि⤞े ⤕े ⤤ी⤍ ⤗ांā¤ĩों ⤕े ⤗्⤰ाā¤Žी⤪ों ⤍े ā¤Ļ⤏ ⤘ं⤟े ā¤Žें āĨ¨āĨĻāĨĻ ā¤Žी⤟⤰ ⤍⤝ा ⤍ā¤Ļीā¤Žु⤖ ⤖ोā¤Ļ⤕⤰ ⤅ā¤Ē⤍ी ⤕ृ⤎ि ⤭ूā¤Žि ⤕ो ā¤Ŧाā¤ĸ़ ⤏े ā¤Ŧ⤚ा⤝ा। 
⤇⤏ ⤘⤟⤍ा ā¤Žें ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ⤍ि⤰्⤪⤝-ā¤ļ⤕्⤤ि, ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯-ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ā¤šā¤•्⤰ (⤜ै⤏े ⤜्ā¤ĩा⤰-⤭ा⤟ा) ⤕ी ⤜ा⤍⤕ा⤰ी ⤕ा ā¤Žā¤šā¤¤्ā¤ĩā¤Ēू⤰्⤪ ⤝ो⤗ā¤Ļा⤍ ā¤°ā¤šा।
ā¤†ā¤œ ⤆ā¤Ēā¤Ļा ⤏ि⤰्ā¤Ģ “ā¤ā¤• ā¤Ŧा⤰” ā¤¨ā¤šीं ā¤šो⤤ी—ā¤¯ā¤š ⤞⤗ा⤤ा⤰ ā¤°ā¤šā¤¨े ā¤ĩा⤞ा ⤜ो⤖िā¤Ž ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤗⤝ा ā¤šै। ⤇⤏⤞िā¤ ā¤¸ā¤Žुā¤Ļा⤝-⤤ै⤝ा⤰ी + ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ी ā¤Ē्⤞ा⤍िं⤗ + ā¤šā¤°ि⤤ ⤏ं⤰⤚⤍ा ā¤Žि⤞⤕⤰ ⤕ाā¤Ž ⤕⤰ें ⤤ो ā¤Ē्⤰⤭ाā¤ĩā¤ļी⤞⤤ा ā¤Ŧā¤ĸ़ ⤏⤕⤤ी ā¤šै।

āĨĢ. ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ ā¤ā¤ĩं ⤉⤤्ā¤Ēाā¤Ļ⤍: ⤏ेā¤Žी⤕ंā¤Ąā¤•्⤟⤰ ⤍िā¤ĩेā¤ļ

ā¤“ā¤Ą़िā¤ļा ā¤Žें ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ी ⤍ि⤰्ā¤Žा⤪ ⤕े ⤕्⤎े⤤्⤰ ā¤Žें ⤤े⤜़ी ā¤šै: ⤕ंā¤Ē⤍ी SiCSem ⤍े āĨ¨āĨĻāĨ¨āĨ­-āĨ¨āĨŽ ā¤Žें ⤏ेā¤Žी⤕ंā¤Ąā¤•्⤟⤰ ā¤Žै⤍्⤝ुā¤Ģै⤕्⤚⤰िं⤗ ⤝ू⤍ि⤟ ⤚ा⤞ू ⤕⤰⤍े ⤕ी ⤝ो⤜⤍ा ā¤Ŧ⤍ा⤈ ā¤šै। 
ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤ĩैā¤ļ्ā¤ĩि⤕ ⤅⤰्ā¤Ĩā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩा ā¤Žें ⤚िā¤Ē्⤏ ⤕ी ⤭ूā¤Žि⤕ा ⤕ो ā¤Ļे⤖⤤े ā¤šुā¤ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¤्ā¤ĩā¤Ēू⤰्⤪ ā¤šै। ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ā¤¯ā¤š ⤰ोā¤œā¤—ा⤰, ⤕ौā¤ļ⤞ ā¤ĩि⤕ा⤏, ⤉ā¤Ļ्⤝ो⤗ ⤕ा ā¤ĩि⤏्⤤ा⤰ ⤔⤰ ⤰ा⤎्⤟्⤰ी⤝ ⤆ā¤Ēू⤰्⤤ि-ā¤ļ्⤰ं⤖⤞ा ā¤Žें ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ĩेā¤ļ ⤕ा ā¤Žौ⤕ा ā¤šै।
ā¤šा⤞ाँ⤕ि, ⤕ेā¤ĩ⤞ ⤘ो⤎⤪ाā¤ं ā¤Ē⤰्⤝ाā¤Ē्⤤ ā¤¨ā¤šीं—⤇⤍्ā¤Ģ्⤰ा⤏्⤟्⤰⤕्⤚⤰ (ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्⤝ु⤤, ⤜⤞, ā¤Ē⤰िā¤ĩā¤šā¤¨), ā¤ĩि⤍िā¤¯ā¤Žā¤¨, ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ⤕ौā¤ļ⤞ ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē⤰्⤝ाā¤ĩ⤰⤪ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪ ⤕ी ā¤ĩ्⤝ā¤ĩ⤏्ā¤Ĩा ā¤šो⤍ा ⤜⤰ू⤰ी ā¤šै।

āĨŦ. ⤚िं⤤⤍: ā¤ĩ्⤝ाā¤Ē⤕ ā¤Ļृ⤎्⤟ि⤕ो⤪

⤇⤍ ⤏⤭ी ⤖ā¤Ŧ⤰ों ā¤Žें ⤕ु⤛ ⤏ाā¤ा ā¤Ŧिंā¤Ļु ⤏ाā¤Žā¤¨े ⤆⤤े ā¤šैं:

ā¤ĩि⤕ा⤏ ā¤Ŧ⤍ाā¤Ž ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪ – ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी⤕⤰⤪, ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕, ā¤Ē⤰्⤝⤟⤍ ā¤Ŧ⤍ाā¤Ž ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ⤧⤰ोā¤šā¤°, ⤜ैā¤ĩ-ā¤ĩिā¤ĩि⤧⤤ा।

⤏ं⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤗⤤ ā¤ĩिā¤ļ्ā¤ĩा⤏ ⤕ा ā¤Žā¤šā¤¤्ā¤ĩ – ⤭⤰्⤤ी ā¤Ē्⤰⤕्⤰ि⤝ा, ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ि⤕ ⤏ु⤧ा⤰।

⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ⤏⤕्⤰ि⤝⤤ा – ⤏ि⤰्ā¤Ģ ⤞ा⤭ा⤰्ā¤Ĩी ā¤¨ā¤šीं, ā¤¸ā¤šā¤­ा⤗ी ā¤šो⤍ा ⤆ā¤ĩā¤ļ्⤝⤕।

⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ ⤔⤰ ā¤Ē्⤰⤕ृ⤤ि ā¤ĩि⤰ो⤧ी ā¤¨ā¤šीं—⤅⤗⤰ ā¤¸ā¤šी ⤰ूā¤Ē ⤏े ⤜ोā¤Ą़ा ⤜ाā¤ ⤤ो ā¤Ļो⤍ों ⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤚⤞ ⤏⤕⤤े ā¤šैं।


āĨ­. ā¤Ēा⤠⤕ ⤕े ⤞िā¤ ⤏ुā¤ाā¤ĩ

⤍ा⤗⤰ि⤕ ⤕े ⤰ूā¤Ē ā¤Žें ⤏⤚े⤤ ā¤°ā¤šें: ⤝ā¤Ļि ⤆ā¤Ē⤕े ⤇⤞ा⤕े ā¤Žें NAC ⤏े ⤍⤗⤰ā¤Ēा⤞ि⤕ा ā¤šो ā¤°ā¤šी ā¤šै, ⤤ो ā¤¨ā¤ ⤅⤧ि⤕ा⤰-ā¤Ļा⤝ि⤤्ā¤ĩ ⤕्⤝ा ā¤šों⤗े, ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ें।

ā¤Ē्⤰⤕ृ⤤ि-ā¤Ē्⤰ेā¤Žी ⤕े ⤰ूā¤Ē ā¤Žें ā¤Ļे⤖ें: ⤕्⤝ा ā¤ĩ⤍्⤝⤜ीā¤ĩ ā¤Ēाā¤°ā¤—ā¤Žā¤¨ ā¤Žा⤰्⤗ ⤏ु⤰⤕्⤎ि⤤ ā¤šैं? ⤅⤭⤝ा⤰⤪्⤝ों ⤕ी ā¤Ē्⤰⤏्ā¤Ĩि⤤ि ⤕ै⤏ी ā¤šै?

⤝ुā¤ĩा ā¤ā¤ĩं ā¤ĩिā¤Ļ्⤝ा⤰्ā¤Ĩी: ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕ी ⤕्⤎े⤤्⤰ों ā¤Žें ⤅ā¤ĩ⤏⤰ ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤°ā¤šे ā¤šैं—⤉⤏⤕ी ⤤ै⤝ा⤰ी ⤕⤰ें, ⤏्ā¤Ĩा⤍ी⤝ ā¤Žाँ⤗ ⤜ा⤍ें।

ā¤šā¤Ž ⤏⤭ी ⤕े ⤞िā¤: ⤜ा⤍⤕ा⤰ी ⤞ें, ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļ्⤍ ⤉⤠ाā¤ं, ā¤šि⤏्⤏ा ⤞ें—ā¤Ē⤰िā¤ĩ⤰्⤤⤍ ⤕ेā¤ĩ⤞ ⤊ā¤Ē⤰ी ⤏्⤤⤰ ā¤¨ā¤šीं, ⤏ाā¤Žा⤜ि⤕ ā¤ā¤ĩं ā¤Ē⤰्⤝ाā¤ĩ⤰⤪-⤜ा⤗⤰ू⤕ ā¤šो⤍ा ⤭ी ā¤šै।


⤍ि⤎्⤕⤰्⤎

ā¤“ā¤Ą़िā¤ļा ā¤†ā¤œ ā¤Ē⤰िā¤ĩ⤰्⤤⤍ ⤕े ā¤Ļौ⤰ ⤏े ⤗ु⤜⤰ ā¤°ā¤šा ā¤šै। ā¤ļā¤šā¤°ी⤕⤰⤪, ⤤⤕⤍ी⤕, ā¤Ē्⤰ा⤕ृ⤤ि⤕ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪, ā¤Ē्⤰ā¤ļा⤏⤍ि⤕ ⤏ु⤧ा⤰—all ā¤ā¤• ⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤚⤞ ā¤°ā¤šे ā¤šैं। ⤝े ⤏ि⤰्ā¤Ģ ā¤¸ā¤Žा⤚ा⤰ ā¤¨ā¤šीं, ⤆⤍े ā¤ĩा⤞े ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ⤕ी ā¤‰ā¤Ą़ी⤏ा ⤕ी ⤰ूā¤Ē⤰े⤖ा ⤗āĨ ā¤°ā¤šे ā¤šैं। ⤅⤗⤰ ā¤ĩि⤕ा⤏, ⤍िā¤ĩेā¤ļ ⤔⤰ ⤏ं⤰⤕्⤎⤪ ⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤏ाā¤Ĩ ⤚⤞े—⤤ो ⤰ा⤜्⤝ ⤕ो ⤞ा⤭ ā¤šो⤗ा। ⤔⤰ ā¤šā¤Ž, ⤜ा⤗⤰ू⤕ ā¤Ēा⤠⤕ ⤕े ⤰ूā¤Ē ā¤Žें, ⤏ि⤰्ā¤Ģ ⤜ा⤍⤕ा⤰ी ā¤Ēा⤍े ā¤ĩा⤞े ā¤¨ā¤šीं ā¤Ŧ⤞्⤕ि ⤏ंā¤ĩाā¤Ļ ⤕⤰⤍े ā¤ĩा⤞े ⤏ाā¤Ĩी ⤭ी ā¤Ŧ⤍ ⤏⤕⤤े ā¤šैं। ⤅ā¤Ŧ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ā¤šै—ā¤Ļे⤖⤍े ⤔⤰ ⤭ा⤗ ⤞े⤍े ⤕ा।

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